Protective device for transformers



5, 1953 s. M. STEIN 2,656,356

PROTECTIVE DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMERS Filed Mays, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig].

54 Dielectric Level" WITNESSES: INVENTOR Gerhard M. St i ATTORNEY Aug. 25, 1953 G. M. STEIN 2,650,356

PROTECTIVE DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMERS Filed May 5, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 WiTNESSES: INVENTOR ff fl BY Ges'hard M. Swain.

Patented Aug. 25, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROTECTIV E DEVICE FORTRAN SFORMERS Gerhard M. Stein, Sharon, Pa., assignor to Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application May :5, 1950, Serial No. 160,159

which will 'give a visible signal or indication of an abnormal operation of the transformer and will also interrupt the load circuit under predetermined load conditions. When only the visible signal is operated the load conditions should be changed or the transformer should normally be replaced 'by one of larger capacity. Such protective devices for transformers are described and claimed in Patent No. 2,223,830, issued December 3, 1940 to H. V. Putman which is assigned to the assignee of this invention.

Recently it has been found that in some instances it is more economical to'continue operation of such distribution transformers under abnormal load conditions for limited periods of time than to replace the transformer or to change the load. For this purpose a recalibrating protective device has recently been 'developed, as disclosed and claimed in the copending application Serial No. 118,122 filed September 27, 1949, now abandoned, in the names of Leonard et al. and assigned to the assignee of this invention, which permits operation of the transformer at a higher level of operation while retaining the protective features of the Putman protective device.

The recalibrating protective device of the Leonard et a1. application however requires a manual operation and necessitates the return of a service man to reset the calibrating device to restore the protective device to its initial setting after the emergency condition has passed. Often the service man forgets to thus reset the recalibrating device. If in the meantime, the load on the transformer drops and the transformer is cooled, it may then be subjected to a critical overload which by reason of the difference between the starting temperature of the transformer and the tripping temperature of the recalibrated protective device results in such a large winding temperature that the corresponding loss of life of the insulation becomes excessive before the recalibrated protective device is operated. It is therefore desirable to provide for removing the recalibration of the protective-device as soon as the transformeris operating-at its predetermined lower load level and to restore the protective device to its initial condition as soon as possible.

An object of this invention is to provide in a transformer having protective devices for indicating predetermined load levels, for recalibrating the protective devices to permit operation of the transformer at higher predetermined load levels and for resetting the calibration of the protective [devices upon the occurrence of a predetermined lower load level.

Another object of this invention is to provide in a transformer having protective devices for indicating predetermined load levels and means for recalibrating the protective devices to permit operationof the transformer at higher predetermined load levels, for automatically changing or resetting the calibration upon the occurrence of a predetermined lower load level.

A further object of this invention is to provide in a transformer having protective devices for indicating predetermined load levels and means operable external of the casing for recalibrating the protective devices to permit operation of the transformer at higher predetermined load levels, means disposed for automatic operation upon the occurrence of a predetermined lower load level to simultaneously reset the calibration of the protective devices and to operate the externally operable .means'to a given position.

Other objects of this invention will become apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a view partly in section and partly in side elevation of a transformer embodying the .protective devices of this invention;

Fig. .2 .is a plan view with parts broken away of the top of a portion of a protective device employed in the transformer of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan View of the protective device of Fig. 2 with a part of the top thereof removed and the actuating members in a different latched position from that of Fig. 2, and

Fig. 4 is a view in elevation and partly in section illustrating the recalibrating and resetting mechanism utilized in conjunction with the protective device in the transformer of Fig. 1.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, there is illustrated a transformer I0 comprising a magnetic core 42 .and a winding assembly including a primary or high voltage winding [4 and a secondary or low voltage winding having two parts 16 and 18 anda signal light secondary winding 85, .thecore and windings therefor being enclosed in a casing 20 containing a suitable fluid dielectric. Where the dielectric is a liquid, the casing 20 is usually filled to the level indicated in Fig. 1 to completely immerse the transformer components.

As illustrated, the high Voltage winding M is connected through fuses 22 and 2A to circuit conductors 26 and 23, respectively, which extend through bushings 35 and 32, respectively, in the cover of the casing 2! Suitable spark gaps 3A, 3B and 38 may be provided between conductors 25 and 23 and the casing 25, and between the casing 28 and ground in a well known manner to protect the apparatus by limiting the voltage that is permitted to build up between the several parts of the apparatus.

The low voltage winding parts 15 and is may have two of their terminals connected together as at 463 so that the two windings provide a continuous series connected winding, the midpoint 40 being connected by conductor 42 through a bushing 44 to ground, a spark gap it being provided between the conductor 52 and the casing 26. The outer terminal 48 of the series connected windings i and i5 is connected through contact members 551 and 52 of a circuit interrupter 5 A, and conductor 56 which extends through. a bushing 58 to constitute one of the secondary or dis tribution load circuit conductors, the inner terminal '59 of the series connected windings i5 and 18 being connected through contact members 52 and 64 of the circuit interrupter 5A, conductor 66, at least a portion of a bimetal control element 68 and conductor ill which extends through a bushing 12 to constitute the other one of the secondary or distribution load conductors.

The circuit interrupter 54 constitutes a part of a protective device i l of the general nature disclosed in Patent No. 2,169,586, issued August 15, 1939 to M. G. Leonard and assigned to the assignee of this invention. Thus the bimetal ele ment 8B is disposed to control the actuation of the circuit interrupter 54 to an open circuit position upon the occurrence of predetermined load conditions. An auxiliary contact member '15 is also provided to be actuated into circuit closing position to engage a stationary contact member 18 to establish a signaling circuit upon a predetermined load less than the load necessary to operate the contact members 50 and 64. When the contact members it and '53 are in engagement a circuit is established extending from the grounded casing 20, through conductor 19, contact members 16 and i8, conductor Bil to a signal light 82, conductor 83, one end of an auxiliary signal light secondary winding 85 on the core 12, the other end of the secondary winding 85 and conductor 8'1 to the grounded casing 2d whereby a visible signal is given external of the casing 20.

In practice the bimetal member 58 illustrated in Fig. 1 as a single element. is pivotally secured at one end to a suitable base 86 of insulating material which also carries the circuit interrupter 54. The bimetal element 58 is provided with two spaced blocks 36 and 88 of insulating material disposed to be engaged by latch members 9i] and 92, respectively, which control the release of the toggle mechanisms (not shown) for controlling movement of the contact members 16 and 54, respectively, of the circuit interrupter 5 As the bimetal element 58 is immersed in the dielectric and is also connected in circuit with the windings l6 and it, it is evident that the bimetal is thermally responsive for movement to progressively release latches Eli and 92 in response tothe cumulative effect of both the current flowing in the transformer circuit and the temperature: of the dielectric within the casing 263 so that the: bimetal element 53 is heated in accordance with, a proportionate temperature differential char acteristic as compared to that of the electrical. conductor of the windings. Ihis temperature-- differential, sometimes called temperature-gradient, is the difference between the conductor temperature and the surrounding liquid dielectric.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the bimetal element 68 may comprise a single element which carries the latch members 90 and 92 in spaced relation thereon, or as illustrated in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, the bimetal element 58 may comprise two extending legs 94 and 95 which carry the latch members Bil: and 52, respectively, in the same manner as disclosed in the Leonard Patent No. 2,169,586. In either case, the bimetal element 58 is pivoted as shown at 93 in Figs. 1 and 4.

As illustrated in Fig. l the bimetal element 63 is provided with an arm liii! mounted at one end thereof and extending in the same general direction as the bimetal element. The arm 106 is disposed to have pressure applied to the free end thereof whereby the position of the arm Hill and consequently the position of the bimetal element 68 is adjusted about the pivot 98 to control or determine the deflection of the bimetal element necessary to progressively release the latches 96 and 92. For this purpose an adjusting device [52,. to be described hereinafter, is disposed adjacent. the free ends of the bimetal element 5% and the arm fill].

in order to reset the circuit interrupter or to manually operate it to any one of close or reset positions, a handle Hill is mounted external of the casing 2e disposed for operation to actuate a lever 505 within the casing, the lever we being mechanically connected to the circuit interrupter by a connecting rod H33. in practice, the handle ass is part of an operating assembly in which the signal light 32 is disposed in a visible position, the assembly being mounted to extend through a suitable opening in the casing 20 and to be secured to the lever iilfi whereby movement of the handle 154 will actuate the lever. Thus by rotating the handle Hi l, the latches 9E! and 92 may be moved into engagement with the lugs or blocks and 88, respectively, to control the resetting of the circuit interrupter 54.

As will be appreciated, the length of the latches Q0 and Q2 and/or the size of the blocks 85 and 83, respectively, are predetermined for controlling the progressive release of the latches Q6 and 92 as the bimetal element 68 is deflected when loaded in a predetermined manner through the arm 28. Thus the bimetal element is initially loaded by adjusting the adjustable device m2, to be described hereinafter, so that for a predetermined load and oil temperature of the transformer, the bimetal element E58" deflects sufficiently to release the latch whereby contact members it and it are actuated into engagement to close the circuit from the secondary winding 85 to cause a lighting of the signal light 82 whereby a visible indication is given external of the casing that a predetermined load condition has existed or is still in existence on the transformer it. When this condiiton which may be the result of a heavy load for a short period of time or a light load for a longer period of time, is observed, the load should be enemas c changed or a transformer of required capacity should be :substituted for the transformer 'than being used. After the load is changed .or a report made, if the load condition which caused the lighting of the signal is no longer present, the' latch 90 may be resetby operating 'the handle I04 to thereby remove the signal.

If the load condition is suchas 'to deflect the bimetal element 08 .sufficient to .trip both of the latches t and 92, .in addition to the-signal light being lighted, the circuit interrupter 54 is actuated whereby contact members '54 .and 50 are moved to the open circuit position to interrupt the transformer circuit.

.In practice, it is often found to be impossible or inexpedient to replace an overload-transformer immediately with the result that under .certain overload conditions the protective device .74 operates to maintain an interruption of the transformer circuit regardless of the manipulation of the handle I04 to reset the latches :90 and 92. When-this .occurs, it has been found to be desirable to arrange to maintain the transformer'in service even though some deterioration of insulation is encountered instead of interrupting r the service.

The adjustable device I32 illustrated schematically in Fig. 1 and in detail in Fig. 4 functions to eifect the recalibration of the bimetal element 65 to thereby permit operation of the transformer under certain overload conditions while retaining the :protective features referred to. As illlustrated in Fig. i, the adjustable device I02 comprises a plurality of cooperating elements disposed for movement about a boss I I0 which is carried by the base B l-adjacent the end of the bimetal-element68. In the embodiment of Figs. 2, 3'and'4, adjustable devices I02 and I03 are associated with the bimetal legs at and 96, respectively, of the bimetal element 63, each bimetal leg also having an arm I80 and =IOI, respectively, extending in the general direction of the corresponding leg but having the end turned slightly out of alignment with the corresponding leg as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 so as to clear the ends of the bimetal legs and cooperate with the adjustable devices I02 and I03.

The adjustable devices I2 and [03 are identical as to components thereof although positioned slightly different with respect to the arms I00 and IEH, respectively. For the purpose of describing the devices 102 and I3 reference may be had to the detailed View of the adjustable device I92 in Fig. 4 which .also illustrates the relative positioning of the adjustable device with respect to the arm V400 and the cover I12 for the bimetal element assembly. The adjustable device 02 comprises a cylindrical member IIG havinga depending annular flange -I I6 about its base for slidably seating the cylindrical member H 1 on the boss II 0. Adjacent the upper end of the cylindrical member lid there is vdisposed'a pawl IIB which extends outwardly therefrom for engaging a lug I20 carried on'the end of the bimetal leg 94 under predetermined operating conditions to be described hereinafter.

The cylindrical member II4 is provided with a central bore I22 for receiving a stud screw I24, the lower end of which is in "threaded .engagement in the boss III]. The end ofthe arm 100 is provided with an enlarged opening I26 through which the upper end of the stud screw -I'24 extends to permit movement of the end =.of the .arm I00 .relative .to the stud screw 124. In

engagement with the end of the arm I 00.

.to tend to :always return the arm and :consequently the *bimetal leg 184 to a given position, ,a

helical spring I28:is;disposed within thebore I22 about the stud screw I24 to be-seated under compression between the .upper end .of the boss -I I0 and the end o'fzthearm I0.

In order 1130 provide for adjusting the position of the arm I00 about the pivot 88 and consequently calibrate the bimetal :leg 94 so as to calibrate the amount .of .overlap between the lug -28 and the end of the latch :92 to control the amount a of deflection 'of 'the bimetal necessary to release the latch .92, a pressure member I30 of cylindrical shape is disposed to extend through suitable opening .Ii32 in the cover I I2 and to'have its lower end in threaded engagement with the upper end of the stud screw I24 and in seating The upper end of the pressure member I 30 is notched as at 134 for receiving-a screwdriver (not shown) for .turning thepressure member I39 relative to the stud screw 1.24 "for initially adjusting the pressure'applied to -the end of arm in opposition to the force of the spring I28. The pressure member $30 carries an annular member I36 disposed thereabout above the cover H2, theannu'lar member I36'beingprovided with lever arm "I38 extending ioutwardly therefrom, the purpose of which will'be explained more fully-hereinafter.

When initially installed .or at any time it is desired to eifect a major adjustment or calibration of the bimetal elements, the pressuremember I30 of each of the devices I02 :and I03 is adjusted as described by turning it relative to the stud screw I 24 after which :the annular memher I 36 is secured to :the pressure member .130 in any suitable manner, such as "by the set screw I40 so that movement thereafter of the annular member I36 will eflect movement of the pressure member I30 to recalibrate the bimetal element as will be described hereinafter.

In order to adjust the relative position or amount of engagement of the end of the :pawl -I'I8 with the lug I20 to be referred to hereinafter, an adjusting screw I42 is disposed to be positioned through the cover I I2, being held inposition with respect thereto by suitable flange ool- -'lars 144 on opposite sides of an arcuate slot or opening I48 in the-cover M2, the lower end of the adjusting screw I42 being in threaded engagement with a tapped hole I46 in the cylindrical member I I4 and the upper end extending through a suitable opening in the annular member I36 as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 2. The upper end of the adjusting screw M2 terminates above the annular member 13% and is provided withia slot I50 for receiving a screw driver (not shown) :for turning the screw I42 to raise or lower the cylindrical member H4 and thus control the amount of overlap Or engagement between the end of the pawl I8 and'the lug I20 during a predetermined operation of the adjusting device I 02.

The adjusting devices I02 and I03 are identical as to the components .but have the components positioned slightly different as will be apparent from Figs. '2 and.3 so that when the arms I33 and I35, respectively, are in the same position relative to one another, the .pawls H8 and lid,

respectively, are in different positions for 00- operating .to simultaneously engage the lugs and i2i, respectively, under predetermined-operating conditions. The adjusting screws M2 and 143 of the devices I02 and 403, respectively, are

likewise positioned together with the slots I48 and I49, respectively, in different positions whereby the pawls I I8 and I I9, respectively, may be actuated for movement without interference.

In order to effect simultaneous movement of the adjusting devices I02 and I83 where the pair of bimetal legs 94 and 9B are employed, the ends of the arms I38 and I39 are connected together by a tie rod I52, as illustrated in Figs. 2, 3 and l, the tie rod I52 having turned ends for fitting into suitable openings in the arms I38 and 539. For the purpose of actuating the arms to effect movement of the pressure member I30 and its counterpart in the device Hi3, the arm I38 is connected to the end of a pull rod I54, disposed in a protective sleeve I56 which is held in position by a clip Ifil secured to the cover M2, the other end of the pull rod I54 being connected to a lever I58, illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4, which is carried by a shaft ltd extending through the casing 20 in close proximity to the operating lever I04, the outer end of the shaft ifit carrying an operating or control handle I62 so shaped as to normally fit and be positioned adjacent to the handle I04.

In order to eifect an automatic return of the adjusting devices It? and I03 to an initial posi tion upon the occurrence of predetermined operating conditions, a torsion spring ltd is disposed about the shaft use as illustrated in Fig. i, one end of the spring being hooked over the edge of a fixed bracket arm lfifi, the lower end. of which constitutes a guide its for the pull rod I54, and the other end of the spring its is hooked over the upper edge of the lever M8 to apply a force thereto when the handle N32 is actuated to the position shown, to tend to bias the handle IfiZ and pull rod 554 in a direction to simultaneously move the adjusting devices use and I03 to the position represented in Fig. 2.

In practice, when the signal light 82 indicates an undesirable load condition as described hereinbefore and it is desired to continue to operate the transformer under such load conditions, the auxiliary handle IE2 is moved to the position shown in Fig. l, whereby the torsion spring IE4 is loaded and the pull rod l54 effects simultaneous movement of the arms I38 and I39 of the adjusting devices I92 and I63, respectively, and consequently the annular members I36 and Isl and pressure members I35! secured thereto, from the position shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Figs. 3 and 4 in which pressure is applied to the arms I88 and till, respectively, to recalibrate the bimetal legs 94 and 96 by turning them somewhat about the pivot 98 whereby a greater deflection of the bimetal element 68 of Fig. 1 or bimetal legs 94 and d5 of Fig. 2 is necessary to release the latches 9E! and 92. At the same time, when the annular members I35 and 537 are moved, the adjusting screws M2 and M3, respectively, are moved in the arcuate slots M8 and I49, respectively, in the cover M2 to effect a rotation of the cylindrical member I I4 and its counterpart of the device I63 and thereby actuate the pawls H8 and H9, respectively, from the positions shown in Fig. 2 to the positions shown in Figs. 3 and 4 whereby the ends of the pawls H8 and H9 engage the lugs l2fi and Hi, respectively, to maintain the adjusting devices W2 and H33 in the recalibrated position.

When the adjusting devices M2 and I03 are thus moved and maintained in position to recalibrate the bimetal legs 94 and 95, it is evident that higher overloads can be carried by the CAD transformer for longer periods of time before the latch 92 is released to interrupt the transformer circuit. Even when so recalibrated, the protective device I l will operate to give short-circuit protection since the bimetal element 68 of Fig. 1 or the bimetal legs and at are connected in the secondary winding circuit and are responsive to the current flowing therein as well as the temperature of the dielectric. The bimetal element 63 or the bimetal legs 94 and 95 thus function to first release the latch 86 to effect a lighting of the signal light =82 and to thereafter release latch 92 to interrupt the transformer circuit, the successive operations being dependent upon the calibration or setting of the bimetal elements.

With the adjusting devices W2 and I593 latched in position as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 and described hereinbefore, the recalibration of the bimetal element is effective as long as the abnormal load condition exists. When the emergenoy is over, the temperature of the dielectric decreases and the current flow through the bimetal is lowered whereby the bimetal legs 94 and 255 are deflected to a position where the lugs l2i and I2I disengage the pawls H8 and H9, respectively, and the force of the torsion spring ltd returns the arms M8 and 5353, respectively, and the adjusting devices I92 and H23, respectively, to the positions illustrated in 2. In this position the recalibrating pressure is released from the arms H38 and Itl and the bimetal legs 9 and 9B are moved about their pivots 98 to their initially calibrated position. As explained hereinbefore, the release of the pawls H3 and M9 can be readily adjusted by adjusting the screws I42 and H23, respectively, to adjust the degree of engagement between the lugs 529 and E25, respectively, and the pawls H3 and H9.

This invention thus makes it possible to provide protection for a transformer under both normal and emergency operating conditions while automatically adjusting the degree of pro tection when an emergency condition of operation no longer exists. 0 will of course be appreciated that the apparatus of this invention is formed of standard components and can be readily reproduced by anyone skilled in the art. Many modifications thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. In combination, an electrical transformer comprising a casing, a fluid dielectric therein, current-carrying insulated electrical-conductor coils immersed in the dielectric, thermally responsive means disposed within the dielectric to be responsive to the temperature occasioned by the operation of the transformer, means visible exteriorly of the casing for indicating a predetermined maximum temperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation, means external of the casing disposed for operation to adjust the thermally responsive means within the casing whereby the means visible externally of the casing indicates a predetermined higher maximumtemperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation, and means coperating with the thermally responsive means and said external adjusting means and responsive to a predetermined decrease from said predetermined higher maximum-temperature indication to automatically 9., release said externally adjusting means whereby the means visible externally ofthe casingagain indicates the predetermined maximumtemperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation.

2. In combination, an electrical transformer comprising a casing, a fluid dielectric therein, current-carrying insulated electricalsconductor' coils immersed in the dielectric, thermally responsive means disposed within the dielectric to be responsive to the temperature occasioned. by

the operation of the transformer, means visible exteriorly of the casing for indicating a predetermined maximum-temperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation, adjusting means for the thermally responsive means, means external of the casing disposed for operation to actuate the adjusting means in a predetermined manner to recalibrate the thermally responsive means whereby the means visible externally of the casing indicates a predetermined higher maximum-temperature indication of thethermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation, and means cooperating with the thermally responsive means and the external operating means disposed for operation upon a predetermin d decrease from said predetermined higher maximum temperature indication toeifect the operation of the external operating means to actuate the adjusting means in a manner opposite to said predetermined'manner to so change the recalibration of the thermally responsive means that the means visible externally of the casing again indicates the predetermined maximumtemperature indication of the thermally-responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation.

3. In combination, an electrical transformer comprising a casing, a fluid dielectric therein, coils immersed in the dielectric, thermally responsive means disposed within the dielectric to be responsive to the temperature occasioned by operation of the transformer, means visible exteriorly of the casing for indicating the existence of a predetermined initial temperature of the thermally responsive means While the transformer is in useful operation, circuit-interrupting means responsive to afollowing predetermined higher temperature of the thermally responsive means for disconnecting the electrical transformer from useful operation, adjusting means for the thermally responsive means, means external of the casing disposed for operation to actuate the adjusting means to recalibrate the thermally responsive means whereby the means visible exteriorly of the casing is thereafter responsive to indicate the existence of a predetermined higher initial temperature of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in. operation and the circuit-interrupting means is thereafter responsive to another later and'higher predetermined temperature to disconnect the transformer from useful operation, and means cooperating with the thermally responsive means and the external operating means. disposed for operation upon a predetermined decrease from said predetermined higher initial temperature to effect the operation of the external operating means to actuate the adjustin means to change the recalibration of the thermally responsive means in the opposite sense whereby the means visible externally of the casing again indicates the initial predetermined temperature of the thermally-responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation and the: circuit-- interrupting means is again responsive to said following predetermined higher temperature ofv the thermally responsive means for disconnecting the electrical transformer from usefuloperation.

4'; In combination, an electrical transformer comprising a casing, a fluid dielectric therein, coilsimmersed in the dielectric, thermally responsive means disposedwithin the dielectric to: be responsive to, the: temperature occasioned;- by" the operation of the transformer, contact meansoperable in response to a predetermined initial temperature of the thermally responsive means to give a visible signal exteriorly of the casing while the transformer is-in useful operation,circult-interrupting means responsive toa following: predetermined higher temperature of" the thermally responsive means for disconnecting. the electrical transformer from useful operation, means externalr of the casing connected to the contact: means and the circuit interruptin'g means disposed: for operation to reset the contact means and: the circuit-interrupting means when the temperature ofthe thermally responsive means is. below the predetermined initial temperature, adjusting means for the thermally responsive means, manually operable means ex 1 ternal of: the casing disposed to be operated to actuate the adjusting means to recalibrate-the thermally responsive means whereby the contact means is then responsive to indicate the-existence of a predetermined higher initial temperature of" the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in operation and the circuit-interrupting means is thereafter responsive to another later and-higher predetermined tempera ture to disconnect the-transformer from useful operation; and means cooperating withthe thermally responsive means and the-external manually operablemeans disposed-for operationupona predetermined decrease from said predetermined higherinitial temperature to effect theautomatic operation of the external manually'operabl'e'means to actuate the-adjusting'meanstoits initial position to change the calibration of the thermally responsive means to the initial value thereof whereby the contact means is again operable in response to the predetermined initial temperature of said thermally responsive means and the circuit-interrupting means is again responsive to the following predetermined higher temperature of the thermally responsive means;

5. In a transformer having a casing containing coils immersed in a dielectric, the combination comprising, contact means disposed'to' be operated to give a visible signal exteriorly of the casing while the transformer is in useful operation, circuit-interrupting means disposed for operation to disconnect the transformer from useful operation, thermally responsive means disposed'within the dielectric to be responsive to the temperature occasioned by the operation of the transformer, means carried by the thermally'responsive means for releasably holding the contact means and the circuit-interrupting means in predetermined positions until predetermined sequential temperatures occur, means external of the casing disposed for operation to reset the contact means and the circuit-interrupting means when the temperature of the thermally responsive means is below said predetermined sequential temperatures, adjusting means for the thermally responsive means, manually operable aes ase means external of the casing disposed to be operated to actuate the adjusting means to recalibrate the thermally responsive means to hold the contact means and the circuit-interrupting means in said predetermined positions until predetermined higher sequential temperatures occur, spring means associated with said manually operable means disposed to bias the adjusting means from the recalibrated position to the initial position, and means cooperating with the thermally responsive means and the adjusting means disposed for operation upon a predetermined decrease from said predetermined higher sequential temperatures to release the biasing force of said spring means to operate the adjusting means from the recalibrated position to the initial position whereby the thermally responsive means is again operative to releasably hold the contact means and the circuit-interrupting means in predetermined positions until said predetermined sequential temperatures again occur.

6. In a transformer having a casing containing coils immersed in a dielectric, the combination comprising, contact means disposed to be operated to give a visible signal exteriorly of the casing while the transformer is in useful operation, circuit-interrupting means disposed for operation to disconnect the transformer from useful operation, thermally responsive means disposed within the dielectric to be responsive to the temperature occasioned by the operation of the transformer, spring means disposed for movement to adjust the calibration of the thermally responsive means, means carried by the thermally responsive means for releasably holding the contact means and the circuit-interrupting means in predetermined positions until predetermined sequential temperatures occur, means external of the casing disposed for operation to reset the contact means and the circuit-interrupting means when the temperature of the thermally responsive means is below said predetermined sequential temperatures, manually operable means external of the casing disposed to be operated from an initial position to effect movement of the spring means in a given direction to recalibrate the thermally responsive means to hold the contact means and the circuit-interrupting means in said predetermined positions until pre determined higher sequential temperatures occur, another spring means associated with the manually operable means disposed to bias the manually operable means to its said initial position and thereby move the recalibrating spring means in a direction opposite to said given direction, a catch carried by the thermally responsive means, and means cooperating with the thermally responsive means and the manually operable means disposed to be held by the catch when the thermally responsive means is recalibrated to the predetermined higher sequential temperatures and to be released thereby upon a predetermined decrease from said predetermined higher sequential temperatures, said cooperating means when released permitting the biasing force of said another spring means to operate the manually operable means to its said initial position whereby the thermally responsive means is again operative to releasably hold the contact means and the circuit-interrupting means in predetermined positions until said predetermined sequential temperatures again occur.

'7. In combination, an electrical transformer comprising a casing, a fluid dielectric therein, current-carrying insulated electrical-conductor coils immersed in the dielectric, thermally responsive means disposed within the dielectric to be responsive to the temperature occasioned by the operation of the transformer, self-locking means visible exteriorly of the casing for indicating a predetermined maximum-temperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation, a spring arm disposed for movement to adjust the thermally responsive means, adjusting means disposed to be rotated to effect movement of the spring arm, a lug carried by the thermally responsive means, a pawl disposed for movement with the adjusting means to engage the lug upon predetermined movement of the adjusting means, means external of the casing disposed for operation to rotate the adjusting means and thereby effect movement of the spring arm to adjust the thermally responsive means and simultaneously therewith move the pawl to engage the lug whereby the self-locking means visible externally of the casing indicates a predetermined higher maximum-temperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation, the lug cooperating with the pawl to release the pawl when the thermally responsive means moves in response to a predetermined decrease from said predetermined higher maximum-temperature indication, and spring means disposed to effect movement of the adjusting means when the lug releases the pawl to again eifect adjustment or" the thermally responsive m ans whereby the self-locking means visible externally of the casing again indicates the predetermined maximum-temperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation.

8. In combination, an electrical transformer comprising a casing, a fluid dielectric therein, current-carrying insulated electrical-conductor coils immersed in the dielectric, thermally responsive means disposed within the dielectric to be responsive to the temperature occasioned by the operation of the transformer, self-locking means visible exteriorly of the casing for indicating a predetermined maximum-temperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation, a spring arm disposed for movement to adjust the thermally responsive means, adjusting means dis posed to be rotated to effect movement of the spring arm, a lug carried by the thermally responsive means, a pawl disposed for movement with the adjusting means to engage the lug upon predetermined movement of the adjusting means, means external of the casing disposed for operation to rotate the adjusting means and thereby effect movement of the spring arm to adjust the thermally responsive means and simultaneously therewith move the pawl to engage the lug whereby the self-locking means visible externally of the casing indicates a predetermined higher maximum-temperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation, the lug cooperating with the pawl to release the pawl when the thermally responsive means moves in response to a predetermined decrease from said predetermined higher maximum temperature indication, spring means disposed to effect movement of the adjusting means when the lug releases the pawl to again effect adjustment of the thermally responsive means whereby the self-locking means visible externally of the casing again indicates the predetermined maximum-temperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation, and spring means cooperating with the means external of the casing to effect a movement thereof when the lug releases the pawl to rotate the adjusting means to effect adjustment of the thermally responsive means in the opposite direction whereby the self-locking means visible externally of the casing again indicates the predetermined maximum-temperature indication of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation.

9. In combination, an electrical transformer comprising a casing, a fluid dielectric therein, coils immersed in the dielectric, thermally responsive means disposed within the dielectric to be responsive to the temperature occasioned by operation of the transformer, means visible exteriorly of the casing for indicating the existence of a predetermined initial temperature of the thermally responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation, circuit-interrupting means responsive to a following predetermined higher temperature of the thermally responsive means for disconnecting the electrical transformer from useful operation, means responsive to predetermined movements of the thermally responsive means in one direction to effect the op eration of said means visible exteriorly of the casing and the circuit-interrupting means, ad-

justing means for the thermally responsive 30 2,223,531

means, means external of the casing disposed for operation to actuate the adjusting means to recalibrate the thermally responsive means whereby the means responsive to predetermined movements of the thermally responsive means in one direction is operative to effect operation of the means visible exteriorly of the casing and the circuit-interrupting means at predetermined higher temperatures of the thermally-responsive means, means disposed for operation to actuate the adjusting means to remove the recalibration of the thermally responsive means, and means responsive to a predetermined movement of the thermally responsive means in the other direction to effect operation of said last actuating means whereby the means visible externally of the casing again indicates the initial predetermined temperature of the thermally-responsive means while the transformer is in useful operation and the circuit-interrupting means is again responsive to said following predetermined higher temperature of the thermally responsive means for disconnecting the electrical transformer from useful operation.

GERHARD M. STEIN.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Putnam Dec. 3, 1940 2,489,906 Kuhn Nov. 29, 1949 

